I-AASraw inikeza izithasiselo zokulwa nokuguga kwezempilo I-Urolithin powder ngokuhlinzeka okuzinzile, konke ukukhiqizwa kuqediwe ngaphansi komthethonqubo we-cGMP futhi ikhwalithi ingalandelwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-oda lenqwaba lingasekelwa ngentengo encintisana kakhulu.
Thenga i-Urolithin Powder
2. Urolithin A Uhlolojikelele
3. I-Urolithin Indlela Yokwenza
4. Izinzuzo/Imiphumela ye-Urolithin A
5. Urolithin A Side Effects
6. Urolithin A Imithombo Yokudla
7. I-Urolithin Inqubo Yokukhiqiza
8. I-Urolithin Yokwenziwa VS I-Urolithin A Yemvelo
9. Urolithin A Ukuphepha
10. Siyakwamukela Ukuthenga i-Urolithin A/Urolithin I-8-Methyl Ether Bulk Powder evela ku-AASraw!
11. I-Urolithin A VS I-Urolithin B
12. Incazelo ye-Urolithin B
13. I-Urolithin B Indlela Yokwenza
14. Isicelo se-Urolithin B
15. Imiphumela ye-Urolithin B
I-16. Izikhombo
1.Urolithin A Ingemuva
Izinzuzo zenhliziyo yepomegranate ziholele abacwaningi ukuthi baphenye ukuthi lezi zithelo ezibomvu zingasigcina kanjani siphilile. Kokutholakele kwakamuva, abacwaningi baseSwitzerland bathole i-molecule entsha ebangelwa ukugaya izinhlanganisela ezimbili ezitholakala kumapomegranati: ama-punicalagins nama-ellagitannins. Le molecule eyingqayizivele, eyaziwa njenge-urolithin A, isiza ukuvuselela i-mitochondria, izindlu zethu zamandla zeselula. I-Urolithin A ivula umnyango wezindlela ezintsha zokwelashwa ezilwa nezinkinga ezihlobene nobudala, kufaka phakathi ubuthakathaka, okuyisici esiyingozi yokukhubazeka, ukulaliswa esibhedlela nokufa.
2.Urolithin A Uhlolojikelele
I-Urolithin A iyinhlanganisela ye-metabolite, engeyesigaba sezinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-benzo-coumarins. Kungumkhiqizo wokugcina okhiqizwa ekusetshenzisweni kokudla okuqukethe ama-ellagitannins (ama-polyphenols) futhi owenziwa umzimba ngamagciwane omzimba. Ngamanye amagama, i-Urolithin A ikhiqizwa lapho umuntu efaka imithombo yokudla equkethe ama-ellagitannins.
I-Urolithin A ayiveli ngokwemvelo ekugcineni kwayo. Imithombo yokudla ye-Ellagitannin, njengezinhlobo ezithile zamajikijolo nepomegranati, kufanele ihlanganiswe namathumbu amabacteria azokwakhiwa. Ukuze inhlanganisela ibe nezicelo ezisebenzisekayo, kufanele yenziwe elebhu, noma ngamanye amazwi, i-Urolithin A yokufakelwa kumele ikhiqizwe ukuze isetshenziswe.
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3.I-Urolithin Indlela Yokwenza
Urolithin A usebenza kanjani? Ama-Ellagic acids nama-Ellagitannins yizandulela ze-Urolithin A.
Ama-Ellagitannins afakwa i-hydrolyzed kusuka emathunjini akhululwe i-Ellagic acid, futhi lokhu kucutshungulwa kusuka emathunjini microflora kuye kuma-urolithins ngokulahleka okwandayo koku-1 kwama-lactone amabili ukususwa ngokulandelana kwamaqembu e-hydroxyl. Uma Sekudliwe emathunjini, i-Urolithin A powder ingena ekugudlukeni kohlelo lwamathumbu.
IMitophagy, ngokusho kwencazelo yeWikipedia, ukwehliswa kokukhetha kwemitochondria yakho ngokuzilimaza. Imvamisa kwenzeka kwi-mitochondria enesici kulandela ukulimala noma ukucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sikhula, ukusebenza kweMitophagy kuye kungasebenzi kahle. Ngenhlanhla, i-Urolithin A ivunyelwe ukukhuthaza i-mitophagy ngendlela elondoloziwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
4.Izinzuzo/Imiphumela ye-Urolithin A
❶ Urolithin A Isiza Ukulwa Nomdlavuza
Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kokuhlinzwa okunamandla nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, cishe abantu abangama-50% abanomdlavuza onobuhle baqala izicubu eziphindaphindayo. Lokhu kungabangelwa ngokwengxenye ukusinda kwamangqamuzana ayingozi omdlavuza wamakholoni amelana namakhemikhali ajwayelekile futhi asebenze njenge `` mbewu '' yomdlavuza olandelayo.
Kokutholile okuthokozisayo, abacwaningi baveze amangqamuzana ama-colon-cancer stem cells kusuka esigulini esinomdlavuza osabekayo kuya enhlanganisweni equkethe i-85% urolithin A noma i-30% urolithin A. Imiphumela yayihlaba umxhwele. Ingxube ephezulu ye-urolithin A okuhlushwa ibisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni inani nosayizi wamaseli we-colon-cancer stem cell futhi kuvimbela ukusebenza kwe-aldehyde dehydrogenase, umaka we-chemoresistance.
❷ I-Urolithin A — Neuroprotective Effects
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwepomegranati nemiphumela yaso yokuvikela isifo ngokumelene ne-Alzheimer's sekusungulwe kahle ezifundweni zezilwane.8 Kodwa-ke, izakhi ze-bioactive zalesi senzo bezingaziwa kuze kube manje.
Isifo i-Alzheimer kulindeleke ukuthi sihlasele abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-115 emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka ka-2050. Iqembu labaphenyi labheka ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lwezilwane olwalubika ngemiphumela elwa ne-Alzheimer yezithako zokukhipha ipomegranate.
Ithimba lihlole ikhono lalezi zingxenye ukweqa isithiyo segazi nobuchopho futhi lathola ukuthi uhlobo lwe-methylated ye-urolithin A (mUA), etholakala kupomegranate, kanye namanye ama-urolithin ayekwazi ukwenza kanjalo.
Futhi, yize kudingeka olunye ucwaningo, ababhali baphetha ngokuthi ama-urolithin yizinto ezingaba khona ezibhekele imiphumela ye-Alzheimer's efaka phakathi ukuvikelwa ku-neurotoxicity kanye ne-b-amyloid fibrillation. Le miphumela iyathembisa, futhi iphakamisa isidingo sokuhlola amanye amasu okungenelela asuselwa ekudleni okuvikela noma anciphise ukuqhubeka kwe-Alzheimer's.
Imiphumela nedatha evela kulezi zifundo ezahlukahlukene ixhasa ngokwengeziwe ukubaluleka kwamakhemikhali e-polyphenol metabolite afana ne-urolithin A avela kupomegranate nendima yabo ekulweni nomdlavuza wekoloni kanye nezifo ezingenayo i-neurodegenerative.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa nokuthi i-Urolithin A ingathuthukisa amandla emisipha nokukhuthazela kubantu asebekhulile. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisa ukuthi ubufakazi bokuqala buveza ezinye izinzuzo ezethembisayo ze-Urolithin A, ezibandakanya okulandelayo:
-Anti-ukuvuvukala
-I-Anticarcinogenic
-I-Antioxidant
-Ukucabanga
-Imithi elwa namagciwane
I-Urolithin A nayo ibonwa ngokuqinile njengesengezo semikhiqizo yamaprotheni ukukhulisa imiphumela yokuzivocavoca, kanye nokunciphisa ukukhuluphala.
5.Urolithin A Side Effects
Esivivinyweni somtholampilo esichazwe ngenhla, ayikho imiphumela emibi ebikiwe. Ekuphenyweni kochungechunge lwezifundo zangaphambi kokubeletha nokwelashwa, kubonakala sengathi kunobufakazi bokusekela ukuphepha kwe-Urolithin A ukusetshenziswa.
Ayikho imiphumela enobuthi ebikiwe, noma ezifundweni ezibandakanya umthamo ophakeme kakhulu onikezwa amagundane ezifundweni ezinjalo.
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6.Urolithin A Imithombo Yokudla
Njengoba kushiwo, i-Urolithin A esefomini yayo ayiveli ngokwemvelo. Ayaziwa ukuthi itholakala kunoma imiphi imithombo yokudla. Kodwa-ke, isandulela senkomfa singatholakala kwizithelo ezithile namantongomane. Imithombo yokudla equkethe ama-ellagitannins afana nepomegranate, ama-raspberries, ama-strawberry, ama-cloudberries nama-walnuts yizibonelo ezithile.
Ama-ellagitannins akulezi zithelo namantongomane afakwa i-hydrolyzed esiswini ukukhiqiza i-ellagic acid, ephinde icutshungulwe esiswini bese ihlanganiswa namathumbu microflora ibe yi-Urolithin A.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Urolithin A ayenzeki njalo lapho ifakwa. Amathumbu abanye abantu awanakho ukuxubana okunempilo kwe-microflora edingekayo ukuguqula i-ellagic acid ibe yi-Urolithin A. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ozokhiqiza i-Urolithin A emathunjini abo uma bedla ipomegranate, ama-walnuts, noma amajikijolo. Konke kuncike emathunjini amabhaktheriya akhona emzimbeni wakho.
7.I-Urolithin Inqubo Yokukhiqiza
I-Urolithin A yenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali kusetshenziswa enye yezinqubo ezimbili ezichazwe ngezansi. Zombili lezi zinqubo zibandakanya ukusabela kokuhlangana kuka-Ullmann, kulandelwe ukwelashwa kwe-Lewis acid ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo ohlanzwe kakhulu we-urolithin A.
Umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlanjululwa ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelashwa kumakhemikhali awuketshezi, kuhlungiwe, kugezwe futhi komiswe ukuze kutholakale i-urolithin emsulwa A. Umkhiqizo kamuva wehliselwa usayizi wezinhlayiyana.
Ngokuya ngezinqubo ezisungulwe kahle, i-Urolithin A powder yenziwa futhi yahlanjululwa ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko kusilinganiselo esimsulwa kakhulu se-99%. Izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinyathelo zokucubungula ezibandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwe-urolithin A kufaka phakathi i-2-Bromo-5-methoxy benzoic acid, 2-Bromo-5-hydroxy benzoic acid, Resorcinol, 50% sodium hydroxide, Copper sulfate pentahydrate, Methanol, Aluminium chloride, Toluene , I-DMSO, i-Methanol, i-Acetic Acid, ne-TBME (i-tert-butyl-methyl ether).
8.Synthetic Urolithin A VS Natural Urolithin A
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-Urolithin A iyi-metabolite etholakala esiswini etholakala ngama-ellagitannins (ET) noma i-ellagic acid (EA). Uma ufuna ukuthola inqwaba ye-Urolithin A, kufanele uqale udle izithelo ezinamandla, bese ulinda ukuthi zisuke ku-ellagitannins ne-ellagic acid ziye ku-Urolithin A. Le nqubo yinde, futhi ihlanzekile, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu , kuzobiza kakhulu ukwenza njalo.
Akuwona wonke umuntu one-microflora efanele engenza i-metabolite. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ayinakusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi endaweni yokukhiqiza ehambisana ne-GMP.
Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi, njengesithako senoveli, i-Urolithin A ekugcineni iyatholakala ngokuthengisa ngo-2019 kwaCima Science. Manje ingahlanganiswa kubhu nasefekthri. I-urolithin A yokwenziwa icishe ifane ngesakhiwo ne-urolithin yemvelo A. Amandla okukhiqiza afinyelela kuma-3000 kgs noma ama-2.5 amathani / ngenyanga.
9.Urolithin A Ukuphepha
I-Urolithin A ivunywa yi-European Union njengesithako sokudla esinoveli.
I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngo-2018 inikeze i-urolithin A isimo sayo se-GRAS esisetshenziswe kwifomula yokwengeza yokudla. I-GRAS isho ukuthi i-Urolithin A ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephephile ngomthamo ka-500mg kuya ku-1 gram ngokuhambisa ngakunye.
Ukuphepha kwe-Urolithin Kwacwaningwa ochungechungeni lwezivivinyo zangaphambi kokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa, okukhuthaza ukuphepha kwayo kwezempilo ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe. Umthamo ophindwayo wezinsuku ezingama-28 nezinsuku ezingama-90 ze-urolithin A kumagundane awukhombisanga noma yimuphi umthelela wobuthi kweminye yemingcele elinganiswa nganoma iyiphi indlela imithamo ehlolwe ngayo.
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10.Siyakwamukela Ukuthenga i-Urolithin A/Urolithin I-8-Methyl Ether Bulk Powder evela ku-AASraw!
Ukutholakala kwe-urolithin A, okuvela kumakhemikhali e-punicalagins nama-ellagitannins atholakala emapomegranati, kunikeza amathuba amasha okulwa nokwehla okuhlobene nobudala bomsebenzi we-mitochondrial kanye nobuthakathaka nokulahleka kwemisipha okuvelayo.
Ngokusiza amangqamuzana ukuthi azivuselele futhi aqinise ukusebenza kwemisipha, ukukhipha ipomegranate kanye ne-metabolite yayo esanda kukhonjwa, i-urolithin A — ingahle iphumelele.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu okutholakele, kunobufakazi obusekelayo bemiphumela enamandla i-urolithin A enayo ekulweni nesifo somdlavuza i-Alzheimer, enikela ngelinye futhi ithuluzi lokulwa nalezi zimo ezibucayi ezithinta abantu abaningi asebekhulile.
Le ndlela yokudla okunomsoco ivula amathuba okungenziwa izindlela zendabuko yokwelapha. Uma ufuna ukuthenga i-Urolithin A powder / Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether powder, i-AASraw mhlawumbe ukukhetha okuhle.
11.Urolithin A VS Urolithin B
Kokubili i-Urolithin B kanye ne-Urolithin A powder isetshenziswa kuma-supplement, kodwa ngezinzuzo ezihlukene zokusebenza. Basebenza ngendlela ehlukile yokwenza. I-Urolithin A ngokuyinhloko ingeyefomula yokulwa nokuguga yomshini wayo we-mitophagy kuyilapho i-urolithin B isefomula yokudla kwezemidlalo njengesithako esakha imisipha.
I-Urolithin A iyinhlanganisela ecwaningwe kahle kakhulu, ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephephile (GRAS) yi-FDA, kuyilapho i-urolithin B ingenjalo. Maningi ama-supplement brand asebenzisa i-urolithin A kune-urolithin B.
I-Urolithin A ne-Urolithin B ahlobene. I-pomegranate ekhishwe iqukethe kokubili lawa ma-urolithin. Amapomegranati ayisithelo esiphezulu. Ngemva kokugaya, izingxenye zazo eziyingxenye zingashintshwa yi-gut flora zibe i-urolithin C bese ziphinde ziguqulwe zibe i-Urolithin D kanye no-A, bese kuba i-Urolithin B. Ngalo mqondo, i-urolithin A ingaguqulelwa ku-urolithin B.
Ngenxa yalokho, amanani amancane e-urolithin B angatholakala egazini labantu abaphakelwa nge-pomegranate extract; kodwa-ke, izakhiwo zayo ezilwa nokuvuvukala nezilwa nokuvuvukala zibuthakathaka kakhulu kune-urolithin A. Nokho, i-urolithin B inenzuzo yayo kune-urolithin A. Iyakwazi ukukhulisa usayizi wamangqamuzana emisipha futhi isheshise ukukhula kwemisipha.
12.Urolithin B Incazelo
I-Urolithin B iyi-urolithin, uhlobo lwamakhompiyutha akhiqizwa esiswini somuntu ngemuva kokufakwa kokudla okuqukethe i-ellagitannins njengepomegranate, ama-sitrobheli, ama-raspberries abomvu, ama-walnuts noma newayini elibomvu le-oki. I-Urolithin B itholakala kumchamo ngesimo se-urolithin B glucuronide.
I-Urolithin B nayo ingumkhiqizo wemvelo onomsebenzi wokulwa ne-antiproliferative kanye ne-antioxidant. I-Urolithin B yakhiwa yi-metabolism evela kuma-polyphenols atholakala kwamanye amantongomane nezithelo, ikakhulukazi amapomegranati. I-Urolithin B ikhonjisiwe ukuthi yeqa isithiyo sobuchopho begazi, futhi ingaba nemiphumela yokuvikela isifo ekulweni nesifo i-Alzheimer's.
13.Urolithin B Indlela Yesenzo
Inciphisa ukucekelwa phansi kwamaprotheni futhi inciphisa i-hypertrophy yemisipha. I-Urolithin B ivimbela ukusebenza kwe-aromatase, i-enzyme eguqula i-estrogen ne-testosterone.
I-Urolithin B ingumkhiqizo wemvelo onomsebenzi wokulwa ne-antiproliferative kanye ne-antioxidant. I-Urolithin B yakhiwa yi-metabolism evela kuma-polyphenols atholakala kwamanye amantongomane nezithelo, ikakhulukazi amapomegranati. I-Urolithin B ikhonjisiwe ukuthi yeqa isithiyo sobuchopho begazi, futhi ingaba nemiphumela yokuvikela isifo ekulweni nesifo i-Alzheimer's.
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14.Urolithin B Isicelo
Ngenkathi ngifunda izakhiwo ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant yama-urolithins A no-B, abacwaningi be-UCL kwenzeke bathola ukuthi lokhu kokugcina kunomthelela wokuvikela emisipheni. Amaseli emisipha emasikweni ayexhumana no-urolithin B aba makhulu kunalawo angaxhumananga nawo. Besifuna ukwazi ukuthi kungani.
Okokuqala, bafunde le nto ku-vitro bathola ukuthi i-urolithin B inomphumela ombaxambili: yenza kusebenze amaprotheni synthesis synthesis futhi yehlise ukonakala.
Okwesibili, abacwaningi bafunde umphumela we-urolithin B ku-vivo, kumagundane. 'Kukhuphule ukukhula kwemisipha yabo', kusho uProf. Francaux. 'Siphinde sayinikeza amagundane anesisu esinqunyiwe se-sciatic okuholele ekukhubazekeni emlenzeni, futhi ukulahleka kwemisipha okwalandela kwenzeka ngokushesha okungama-20 kuye kuma-30%.'
15. Imiphumela ye-Urolithin B
I-Urolithin B ingelinye lama-metabolites we-gut microbial we-ellagitannins, futhi inemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant. I-Urolithin B ivimbela umsebenzi we-NF-κB ngokunciphisa i-phosphorylation nokucekelwa phansi kwe-I VerBcy, futhi icindezela i-phosphorylation ye-JNK, i-ERK, ne-Akt, futhi ithuthukise i-phosphorylation ye-AMPK. I-Urolithin B nayo iyisilawuli semisipha yamathambo.
(1). I-Urolithin B inciphisa ukulahleka kwesisindo semisipha esibangelwa yi-denervation
(2). I-Urolithin B-indened skeletal muscle hypertrophy kumagundane
(3). Umphumela we-anabolic we-urolithin B ulamulelwa yi-androgen receptor
(4). I-Urolithin B ivuselela amaprotheni synthesis ku-C2C12 myotubes ngokwenza kusebenze ukusayina kwe-mTORC1
(5). I-Urolithin B ivimbela ukonakala kwamaprotheni ngokwehlisa umgwaqo we-ubiquitin – proteasome
(6). I-Urolithin B ithuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwama-myotubes e-C2C12
Izikhombo
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[2] Milburn, MV & Lawton, KA Ukusetshenziswa kwe-metabolomics ukuxilonga ukumelana ne-insulin. U-Annu. UMfu Med. 64, 291-305 (2013).
[3] Laker, RC et al. I-Ampk phosphorylation ye-Ulk1 iyadingeka ekuqondiseni i-mitochondria kuma-lysosomes ku-mitophagy eyenziwe ngemithambo. Nat. Khomanisi. 8, 548 (2017).
[4] USingh, R. et al. Ukwenza ngcono ubuqotho besithintelo samathumbu yi-microbial metabolism ngokusebenzisa indlela yeNrf2. Nat. Khomanisi. 10, 89 (2019).
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[6] UGong, Z. et al. I-Urolithin A inciphisa ukukhubazeka kwememori neuroinfigue ku-APP / PS1 amagundane. J. Neuroinfigueation 16, 62 (2019).
[7] UFelder, TK et al. I-phospholipids ejikelezayo, ama-acylcarnitines, ama-amino acid nama-biogenic amine yizimpawu zokuzivocavoca ze-aerobic. J. Sci. IMed. Ezemidlalo 20, 700-705 (2017).
[8] Schooneman, MG, Vaz, FM, Houten, SM & Soeters, MR Acylcarnitines: ekhombisa noma ifaka ukumelana ne-insulin? Isifo sikashukela 62, 1-8 (2013).
[9] Umhlahlandlela Wamasu Okukhomba kanye Nokwehlisa Izingozi Zezilingo Zokuqala Zomuntu Zemitholampilo Ngemikhiqizo Ephenya Ngokwelapha EMEA / CHMP / SWP / 28367/07 (I-European Medicines Agency, 2007).
[10] I-Keefe, i-DM GRAS Isaziso No. GRN 000791 (Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa, i-2018).
[11] UDrake, JC & Yan, Z. Mitophagy ekugcineni imisipha yamathambo ye-mitochondrial proteostasis kanye nempilo ye-metabolic ngokuguga. UJ. Physiol. 595, 6391-6399 (2017).
[12] I-Choi, AM, i-Ryter, i-SW ne-Levine, i-Autophagy kwezempilo yabantu kanye nezifo. N. Engl. J. Med. 368, 651-662 (2013).